UV radiation, particularly UV-B (280–320 nm), has been recognized as a significant environmental stressor affecting plant growth and reproduction. Brassica Rapa, an important agricultural crop, is susceptible to increased UV radiation, which can reduce pollen viability, impair reproductive success, and ultimately lower crop yields. This review examines the impact of UV stress on the fertility of Brassica Rapa, focusing on the mechanisms through which UV-B radiation affects pollen development, viability, and the reproductive system. Based on recent studies, this paper discusses the physiological and molecular changes induced by UV radiation and explores potential mitigation strategies to safeguard crop fertility in the context of changing environmental conditions.