Author(s): Judy Lalrinzuali, Khushi Chauhan, Vandana, Bhavana Singh and Hema Arya

Abstract: Aphthous ulcers, commonly known as recurrent Aphthous stomatitis (RAS), are one of the most prevalent oral mucosal conditions affecting the general population, with a reported prevalence ranging from 5% to 25%. Characterized by recurring painful ulcers on the non-keratinized oral mucosa, RAS significantly affects the quality of life. The etiology of Aphthous ulcers is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, stress, hormonal imbalance, and local trauma. Conventional pharmacological management primarily corticosteroids and analgesics offers symptomatic relief but is often associated with adverse effects such as mucosal atrophy, candidiasis, and delayed healing. This has driven increased interest in herbal remedies that possess wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Various medicinal plants like Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Aloe vera, Camellia sinensis (green tea), and Salvadora persica (miswak) have shown promising results in the management of Aphthous ulcers. This review discusses their pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and comparative advantages over conventional therapies. Although herbal treatments are gaining acceptance, further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm their safety and therapeutic efficacy.

DOI: 10.22271/flora.2025.v13.i4c.1021